Preheat oven to 400˚F (200˚C).
In a saucepan, bring to a boil the water, butter, salt, and pepper.
When the butter is melted and the water boils, remove from heat and put the flour in all at once, stirring vigorously.
Return to medium heat and stir until dough detaches itself from sides of pot. Set aside to cool until lukewarm.
Add the eggs, one at a time, while continuing to stir to achieve a smooth paste.
Stir in cheese, reserving a small amount for topping.
Line a large baking sheet, or two, with parchment paper.
Divide dough into small balls, the size of a ping-pong ball, and place 1 1/2 inches (4 centimeters) apart. (I like to pipe the dough onto the baking sheets using a pastry bag.)
Sprinkle tops with remaining cheese. (Or you can opt to cut thin strips of cheese and place one or two on top.)
Bake 25-30 minutes until gougères are puffed high, and golden. Serve.