In a large bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a dough hook, combine the flour, sugar, instant yeast, cardamom, baking powder, and salt.
Add the beaten egg and melted butter.
While mixing, slowly add the milk to bring together a soft dough. You may not need to add all the milk depending on how you measured the flour or even the brand.
If the dough is too crumbly, add a little more milk.
On a lightly floured surface, knead the dough until soft and smooth.
Place back in the bowl, cover, and allow to rest at room temperature until doubled, about 1 hour.
On a lightly floured surface, divide the dough into 3 equal pieces (mine were about 190 grams/6.7 ounces each).
Roll one piece into a circle about 1/2 inch (1.25 centimeters) thick.
Using a sharp knife, cut the circle into 4 equal wedges/triangles. Transfer the pieces to a lightly floured surface about 2 inches (5 centimeters) apart.
Repeat with remaining dough to make 12 triangles in all.
Cover the triangles with a cloth and allow to rise at room temperature until puffed, about 30 minutes to 1 hour.
Pour 2 inches (5 centimeters) of vegetable oil in a large saucepan and heat to 340˚F (170˚C), no higher.
Once heated, gently add a few of the puffed dough pieces, taking care not to overcrowd.
Fry until lightly golden on the bottom, about 2 minutes, then flip to fry the other side until golden.
Transfer to a towel-lined platter and repeat with remaining doughnuts, keeping the temperature no higher than 340˚F (170˚C).
Serve for breakfast or alongside Chai as a snack.